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61

`notify_observers`

        92              if ( ref $o eq 'CODE' ) {
        93                  $o->( $item, $action, @params );
        95              else {
        96                  $o->update( $item, $action, @params );

This is so that you can use a plain subroutine as an observer

        my $a = Alarm->new;
        $a->add_observer(\&complain);
        $a->notify_observers("I like pie!");   # Calls complain()

I considered eliminating the special case

Have add_observer convert the raw coderef to an object:

        if (ref $o eq "CODE") {
          $o = Class::Observer::CODEObserver->new($o);
        }

I thought for sure this would be simpler

I was wrong

The special case moved from notify_observers to add_observer

(No net benefit)

Deletion became impossibly complicated

Try it both ways

You won't know unless you try